How Korea is trying to take control of its AI future.
Updated
January 13, 2026 10:56 AM
SK Telecom Headquarters in Seoul, South Korea. PHOTO: ADOBE STOCK
SK Telecom, South Korea’s largest mobile operator, has unveiled A.X K1, a hyperscale artificial intelligence model with 519 billion parameters. The model sits at the center of a government-backed effort to build advanced AI systems and domestic AI infrastructure within Korea. This comes at a time when companies in the United States and China largely dominate the development of the most powerful large language models.
Rather than framing A.X K1 as just another large language model, SK Telecom is positioning it as part of a broader push to build sovereign AI capacity from the ground up. The model is being developed as part of the Korean government’s Sovereign AI Foundation Model project, which aims to ensure that core AI systems are built, trained and operated within the country. In simple terms, the initiative focuses on reducing reliance on foreign AI platforms and cloud-based AI infrastructure, while giving Korea more control over how artificial intelligence is developed and deployed at scale.
One of the gaps this approach is trying to address is how AI knowledge flows across a national ecosystem. Today, the most powerful AI foundation models are often closed, expensive and concentrated within a small number of global technology companies. A.X K1 is designed to function as a “teacher model,” meaning it can transfer its capabilities to smaller, more specialized AI systems. This allows developers, enterprises and public institutions to build tailored AI tools without starting from scratch or depending entirely on overseas AI providers.
That distinction matters because most real-world applications of artificial intelligence do not require massive models operating independently. They require focused, reliable AI systems designed for specific use cases such as customer service, enterprise search, manufacturing automation or mobility. By anchoring those systems to a large, domestically developed foundation model, SK Telecom and its partners are aiming to create a more resilient and self-sustaining AI ecosystem.
The effort also reflects a shift in how AI is being positioned for everyday use. SK Telecom plans to connect A.X K1 to services that already reach millions of users, including its AI assistant platform A., which operates across phone calls, messaging, web services and mobile applications. The broader goal is to make advanced AI feel less like a distant research asset and more like an embedded digital infrastructure that supports daily interactions.
This approach extends beyond consumer-facing services. Members of the SKT consortium are testing how the hyperscale AI model can support industrial and enterprise applications, including manufacturing systems, game development, robotics and autonomous technologies. The underlying logic is that national competitiveness in artificial intelligence now depends not only on model performance, but on whether those models can be deployed, adapted and validated in real-world environments.
There is also a hardware dimension to the project. Operating an AI model at the 500-billion-parameter scale places heavy demands on computing infrastructure, particularly memory performance and communication between processors. A.X K1 is being used to test and validate Korea’s semiconductor and AI chip capabilities under real workloads, linking large-scale AI software development directly to domestic semiconductor innovation.
The initiative brings together technology companies, universities and research institutions, including Krafton, KAIST and Seoul National University. Each contributes specialized expertise ranging from data validation and multimodal AI research to system scalability. More than 20 institutions have already expressed interest in testing and deploying the model, reinforcing the idea that A.X K1 is being treated as shared national AI infrastructure rather than a closed commercial product.
Looking ahead, SK Telecom plans to release A.X K1 as open-source AI software, alongside APIs and portions of the training data. If fully implemented, the move could lower barriers for developers, startups and researchers across Korea’s AI ecosystem, enabling them to build on top of a large-scale foundation model without incurring the cost and complexity of developing one independently.
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A closer look at how reading, conversation, and AI are being combined
Updated
February 7, 2026 2:18 PM
Assorted plush character toys piled inside a glass claw machine. PHOTO: ADOBE STOCK
In the past, “educational toys” usually meant flashcards, prerecorded stories or apps that asked children to tap a screen. ChooChoo takes a different approach. It is designed not to instruct children at them, but to talk with them.
ChooChoo is an AI-powered interactive reading companion built for children aged three to six. Instead of playing stories passively, it engages kids in conversation while reading. It asks questions, reacts to answers, introduces new words in context and adjusts the story flow based on how the child responds. The goal is not entertainment alone, but language development through dialogue.
That idea is rooted in research, not novelty. ChooChoo is inspired by dialogic reading methods from Yale’s early childhood language development work, which show that children learn language faster when stories become two-way conversations rather than one-way narration. Used consistently, this approach has been shown to improve vocabulary, comprehension and confidence within weeks.
The project was created by Dr. Diana Zhu, who holds a PhD from Yale and focused her work on how children acquire language. Her aim with ChooChoo was to turn academic insight into something practical and warm enough to live in a child’s room. The result is a device that listens, responds and adapts instead of simply playing content on command.
What makes this possible is not just AI, but where that AI runs.
Unlike many smart toys that rely heavily on the cloud, ChooChoo is built on RiseLink’s edge AI platform. That means much of the intelligence happens directly on the device itself rather than being sent back and forth to remote servers. This design choice has three major implications.
First, it reduces delay. Conversations feel natural because the toy can respond almost instantly. Second, it lowers power consumption, allowing the device to stay “always on” without draining the battery quickly. Third, it improves privacy. Sensitive interactions are processed locally instead of being continuously streamed online.
RiseLink’s hardware, including its ultra-low-power AI system-on-chip designs, is already used at large scale in consumer electronics. The company ships hundreds of millions of connected chips every year and works with global brands like LG, Samsung, Midea and Hisense. In ChooChoo’s case, that same industrial-grade reliability is being applied to a child’s learning environment.
The result is a toy that behaves less like a gadget and more like a conversational partner. It engages children in back-and-forth discussion during stories, introduces new vocabulary in natural context, pays attention to comprehension and emotional language and adjusts its pace and tone based on each child’s interests and progress. Parents can also view progress through an optional app that shows what words their child has learned and how the system is adjusting over time.
What matters here is not that ChooChoo is “smart,” but that it reflects a shift in how technology enters early education. Instead of replacing teachers or parents, tools like this are designed to support human interaction by modeling it. The emphasis is on listening, responding and encouraging curiosity rather than testing or drilling.
That same philosophy is starting to shape the future of companion robots more broadly. As edge AI improves and hardware becomes smaller and more energy efficient, we are likely to see more devices that live alongside people instead of in front of them. Not just toys, but helpers, tutors and assistants that operate quietly in the background, responding when needed and staying out of the way when not.
In that sense, ChooChoo is less about novelty and more about direction. It shows what happens when AI is designed not for spectacle, but for presence. Not for control, but for conversation.
If companion robots become part of daily life in the coming years, their success may depend less on how powerful they are and more on how well they understand when to speak, when to listen and how to grow with the people who use them.